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Measurement and Evaluation in Education


Measurement and Evaluation in Educational Statistics



a draw of Statistics chart

What is Measurement?

Simply speaking measurement' is the process of measuring something. It is a process of giving exact numerical values based on a particular scale.

Physical measurement includes measures of height, weight, temperature. It is concrete, solid, universal 1 (when someone's height in India is 50 kg, it would be the same in another country).

We can measure temperature around us, height and someone relatively easily. Physical measurement is easier and more concrete or unchanging than psychological or educational measurement. Measurement in education:
Measurement in education is characterized by
  • Lack of exactness 
  • Dynamic (changing)
  • Lack of persistence

What we measure in educational measurement: Performance, ability, quality, attribute someone's personal qualities, tendencies affecting the possibility of success), achievement, personality, interests and attitude.
Similarity between pure math and Educational measurement:

  1. Identity of numbers (1 is 1, 1 is not 2. 2 is not 4, 8=8)
  2. Rank order (2 is greater than 1, 1 is less than 2, 3 is not less than 2, 3 is not greater than 4)
  3. Additionality (numerical values in educational measurement can be added, subtracted or merged together just like in pure math)

Test (achievement test)

Test is a device. It is scientifically prepared set of questions, used to know the ability of the students. Test uses test scores to measure the performance, ability of the students. A test has separate dimensions (for example different subjects, papers, units). It has different questionnaire (a question can be of 1 marks, 4 marks or even 12 marks, depending on which the answer will differ in approach).

Concepts to know:

Scale ( not the ruler by which we draw lines) : it is an instrument of comparison and Measurement. For example the scale of weight includes gm, kg, ounce, pound, quintal, tonn etc.

Relative Score: Scores have allotted marks (the marks we get) and full marks (the total marks or the upper limit in tests) scores in education are relative, they are not absolute. We can get 50/50 or 100/ 200 and so on. While 50/50 has seemingly low score (50) than 100/200, considering its relative value, we can say 50/50 (100%) is greater than 100/200 (50%).

Assessment:

Assessment is broader and more comprehensive than measurement. It includes observation of the students to draw conclusions.
Assessment has two types:
  1. Measurement (test score, ranking etc.)
  2. Evaluation
Measurement: Simply speaking measurement is the process of measuring something. It is a process of giving exact numerical values based on a particular scale.

Non-Measurement: behaviour, interaction in class, punctuality, performance, readiness, sociability, participation in extracurricular activities etc.

Evaluation: Evaluation is the most comprehensive of all. It uses certain criterias and evaluates the students' values (for example, his chances of success in life, his behaviour, sociability, contribution to society etc.). Since all the students have to be active members of the society at some particular stages of life, evaluation uses the social basis for comparison and evaluation of the student

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